{"id":155,"date":"2012-11-15T16:47:39","date_gmt":"2012-11-15T08:47:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.freezhongzi.info\/?p=155"},"modified":"2019-03-26T15:33:32","modified_gmt":"2019-03-26T07:33:32","slug":"dns%e5%88%9d%e6%8e%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/2012\/11\/15\/dns%e5%88%9d%e6%8e%a2\/","title":{"rendered":"DNS\u521d\u63a2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>DNS\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684DNS\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u662f\/etc\/hosts\u6587\u4ef6\u4e86\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u662f&#8221;IP \u4e3b\u673a\u540d \u4e3b\u673a\u540d1 \u4e3b\u673a\u540d2 &#8230;&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57df\u540d(domain name)\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d(hostname)\u7ec4\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u7684DNS\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n<p>www.freezhongzi.info\uff0cwww\u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cfreezhongzi.info\u662f\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u800c<\/p>\n<p>freezhongzi.info\uff0cfreezhongzi\u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0c.info\u662f\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u53e5\u53f7.\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u5982www.freezhongzi.info.\u53ebFully Qualified Domain Name(FQDN)\uff0c\u53e5\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u6839\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u5728DNS\u534f\u8bae\u91cc\u7528FQDN\u6807\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>DNS\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2(recursion query)<\/h2>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4f60\u7684\u5f53\u524dDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6eRD\u4f4d\uff08\u4f8b\u5916\u662fDNS\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5411\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u4e0d\u8bbe\u7f6eRD\u4f4d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>DNS\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08linux\/unix\u4e00\u822c\u662fgethostbyname\u548cgethostbyaddr)\u5411\u5f53\u524dDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u67e5\u8be2\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u67e5\u8be2A\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08IP\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5411DNS\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6837\u7684A\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aDNS\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5217\u8868(NS\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li>DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9760\u524d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08NS\u8bb0\u5f55\u91cc\uff09\u63a5\u7740\u53d1\u9001\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u800c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0b\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5217\u8868\u91cd\u590d\u6b65\u9aa43\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u975e\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u975e\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u8fd4\u56de\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u7ee7\u7eed\u53bb\u67e5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u8ba9DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e00\u7ea7\u7ea7\u5f80\u4e0b\u67e5\u76f4\u5230\u67e5\u5230IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5f88\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h2>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51faDNS\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u67e5\u8be2DNS\u6839\u7684NS\u8bb0\u5f55\u83b7\u5f9713\u4e2aDNS\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u57df\u540d\u548cIP\u5730\u5740:<\/p>\n<pre><code>$dig . ns \u6216\u76f4\u63a5 $dig\n\n;; AUTHORITY SECTION:\n.           37383   IN  NS  b.root-servers.net.\n.           37383   IN  NS  c.root-servers.net.\n.           37383   IN  NS  f.root-servers.net.\n.           37383   IN  NS  l.root-servers.net.\n.           37383   IN  NS  i.root-servers.net.\n.           37383   IN  NS  d.root-servers.net.\n.           37383   IN  NS  e.root-servers.net.\n.           37383   IN  NS  a.root-servers.net.\n.           37383   IN  NS  k.root-servers.net.\n.           37383   IN  NS  m.root-servers.net.\n.           37383   IN  NS  g.root-servers.net.\n.           37383   IN  NS  h.root-servers.net.\n.           37383   IN  NS  j.root-servers.net.\n\n;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:\nk.root-servers.net. 3580415 IN  A   193.0.14.129\nk.root-servers.net. 3581367 IN  AAAA    2001:7fd::1\na.root-servers.net. 3579080 IN  A   198.41.0.4\na.root-servers.net. 3567490 IN  AAAA    2001:503:ba3e::2:30\ne.root-servers.net. 3580333 IN  A   192.203.230.10\nd.root-servers.net. 3581308 IN  A   128.8.10.90\nd.root-servers.net. 3530630 IN  AAAA    2001:500:2d::d\ni.root-servers.net. 3580233 IN  A   192.36.148.17\ni.root-servers.net. 3568782 IN  AAAA    2001:7fe::53\nl.root-servers.net. 3579724 IN  A   199.7.83.42\nl.root-servers.net. 3593302 IN  AAAA    2001:500:3::42\nf.root-servers.net. 3580192 IN  A   192.5.5.241\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684AAAA\u662fIPv6\u5730\u5740\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e14\u8c8c\u4f3c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7535\u4fe1DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684TTL(\u5c31\u662fDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668Cache\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u5f88\u4e0d\u51c6\uff08\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b5015\u5230515\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053TTL\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff09\uff0c\u800cgoogle\u76848.8.8.8\u5f88\u51c6\u4e00\u76f4\u4ece600\u79d2\uff0810\u949f\uff09\u9012\u51cf:)\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>$dig www.freezhongzi.info @8.8.8.8\n...\nwww.freezhongzi.info.   600 IN  A   xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\n...\n\n$dig www.freezhongzi.info @8.8.8.8\n...\nwww.freezhongzi.info.   576 IN  A   xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\n...\n\n$dig www.freezhongzi.info @8.8.8.8\n...\nwww.freezhongzi.info.   573 IN  A   xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\n...\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u968f\u4fbf\u9009\u4e00\u4e2am.root-servers.net\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u6267\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$dig +norecurse www.freezhongzi.info @202.12.27.33\n\n;; flags: qr; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 6, ADDITIONAL: 12\n\n;; QUESTION SECTION:\n;www.freezhongzi.info.      IN  A\n\n;; AUTHORITY SECTION:\ninfo.           172800  IN  NS  b2.info.afilias-nst.org.\ninfo.           172800  IN  NS  b0.info.afilias-nst.org.\ninfo.           172800  IN  NS  a0.info.afilias-nst.info.\ninfo.           172800  IN  NS  c0.info.afilias-nst.info.\ninfo.           172800  IN  NS  d0.info.afilias-nst.org.\ninfo.           172800  IN  NS  a2.info.afilias-nst.info.\n\n;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:\na0.info.afilias-nst.info. 172800 IN A   199.254.31.1\na2.info.afilias-nst.info. 172800 IN A   199.249.113.1\nb0.info.afilias-nst.org. 172800 IN  A   199.254.48.1\nb2.info.afilias-nst.org. 172800 IN  A   199.249.121.1\nc0.info.afilias-nst.info. 172800 IN A   199.254.49.1\nd0.info.afilias-nst.org. 172800 IN  A   199.254.50.1\na0.info.afilias-nst.info. 172800 IN AAAA    2001:500:19::1\na2.info.afilias-nst.info. 172800 IN AAAA    2001:500:41::1\nb0.info.afilias-nst.org. 172800 IN  AAAA    2001:500:1a::1\nb2.info.afilias-nst.org. 172800 IN  AAAA    2001:500:49::1\nc0.info.afilias-nst.info. 172800 IN AAAA    2001:500:1b::1\nd0.info.afilias-nst.org. 172800 IN  AAAA    2001:500:1c::1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230DNS\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2(\u6ca1\u6709RA\u6807\u8bb0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3.info DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u7740\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$dig www.freezhongzi.info @d0.info.afilias-nst.org.\n\n;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 0\n;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available\n\n;; QUESTION SECTION:\n;www.freezhongzi.info.      IN  A\n\n;; AUTHORITY SECTION:\nfreezhongzi.info.   86400   IN  NS  f1g1ns2.dnspod.net.\nfreezhongzi.info.   86400   IN  NS  f1g1ns1.dnspod.net.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u53d1\u73b0.info\u4e5f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u4e24\u4e2aDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>f1g1ns1.dnspod.net\nf1g1ns2.dnspod.net\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u719f\u6089dnspod\u7684\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u662f\u5b83\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u6211\u7684freezhongzi.info\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u5b83\u6258\u7ba1\u7684:)<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u5c31\u662f\u5411dnspod\u7d22\u8981\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>$dig www.freezhongzi.info @f1g1ns1.dnspod.net\n\n;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 0\n;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available\n\n;; ANSWER SECTION:\nwww.freezhongzi.info.   600 IN  A   xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\n\n;; AUTHORITY SECTION:\nfreezhongzi.info.   600 IN  NS  f1g1ns2.dnspod.net.\nfreezhongzi.info.   600 IN  NS  f1g1ns1.dnspod.net.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>dnspod\u4e5f\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4f46\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u6211\u8981\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u56fe:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a5\/Example_of_an_iterative_DNS_resolver.svg\" width=\"600\" height=\"213\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DNS\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684DNS\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/2012\/11\/15\/dns%e5%88%9d%e6%8e%a2\/\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/2012\/11\/15\/dns%e5%88%9d%e6%8e%a2\/\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-program"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=155"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":498,"href":"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155\/revisions\/498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bl4kraven.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}